Document Type

Article

Publication Date

1-1-2009

Abstract

Estabrook's study finally appeared as "The Jukes in 1915." Estabrook confirmed some of Dugdale's environmentalist conclusions, determining, for example, that removal from the rural confines of the original family could have beneficial effects on some of the Jukes descendants. Others, however, succumbed to nature and followed the path of "criminality, harlotry, and pauperism" determined by their heredity.

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